"[4] UOCAVA lets uniformed service members request absentee ballots as early as they wish in an election year.

UOCAVA lets covered groups get ballots electronically (email, fax, or web site) from all states.

[9] Four states allow ballot submission through secure web sites: AZ, CO (if needed), MO, and WV.

[13][14] The four states allowing online voting and the remaining 27 states have a mix of rules allowing email or fax to return ballots:[9] AK, CA, DE, DC, FL, HI, IN, IA, KS, LA, ME, MA, MS, MT, NE, NV, NJ, NM, NC, MD, OK, OR, RI, SC, TX (for danger, combat zones or space),[15][16] UT, and WA.

Plaintiffs in the case of Igartua de la Rosa v. United States claimed that the Act is unconstitutional because it allows U.S. citizens who move abroad to vote in federal elections, but not if they relocate to Puerto Rico.

[19] However, in his dissent, Judge Juan R. Torruella argued that the United States Constitution neither denies citizens of Puerto Rico the right to vote for members of the United States House of Representatives nor imposes a limitation on the federal government's authority to extend federal voting rights to territorial residents under other constitutional powers.