The organization was established in December 1957 as a successor of Union of Polish Youth.

the ZMS was ideologically, politically and organizationally subordinate to the PZPR.

[2] The main goal of the ZMS activity was to prepare members to join the Polish United Workers' Party.

Like the previously existing Stalinist organization, the Union of Polish Youth, the ZMS aimed to increase the organization's numbers, using mass forms of recruitment of new members bordering on coercion.

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