The court convenes in San Antonio with divisions in Austin, Del Rio, El Paso, Midland, Pecos, and Waco.

It has jurisdiction in over 50 Trans-Pecos, Permian Basin, and Hill Country counties of the U.S. state of Texas.

As seat of the Texas Judicial District, the Galveston court had jurisdiction over the whole state.

The divisions of the Western District of Texas are: The United States Attorney's Office for the Western District of Texas represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court.

[4] As of April 9, 2024[update]: Austin Chief judges have administrative responsibilities with respect to their district court.