[1][2] Conley, a conservative Democrat, supported ending illegal immigration, "protecting American workers," bringing American troops home from the Iraq War, increasing veterans' benefits, reducing American dependence on foreign oil, tougher regulations on Wall Street (bringing back Glass-Steagall), ending Wall Street bailouts, repealing the Patriot Act, "cutting spending," and "fidelity to the Constitution.

Conley was a Republican but left the party due to frustration over immigration, trade, and the Iraq War.

[7] Conley, who had switched to the Democratic Party from the Republican Party,[8] was opposed by much of the Democratic establishment because of his controversial positions such as his vocal opposition to immigration reform and same-sex marriage and his support of Ron Paul's presidential bid.

Congressman Jim Clyburn, supported Lindsey Graham over Conley in the general election.

"[10] Despite Conley's landslide defeat, he is the last Democrat to carry McCormick County in a Senate election as of 2023.