The historic Upland lies in the southwestern area of the Diemelsee Nature Park at an average height of 500 to 700 m above NN.
The northwestern and southwestern parts are almost entirely forested, whilst the centre, the area formally defined as a natural region called Upland (see below), only has islands of woods around some of the peaks.
As a result, the forests were cleared very early on and replaced by wood pasture (the East Sauerland "mountain heaths").
The highest mountain in the Upland is the Langenberg (843.2 m above sea level (NN)), which is located immediately next to the border with neighbouring North-Rhine-Westphalia (and just on the Westphalian side).
Since autumn 2002 the Ettelsberg (837.7 m) has had an observation platform on the Hochheideturm with a height of 875 m. Amongst the mountains of the Upland (including all the "eight hundreds") are those in the following list.