It is drained by Perkiomen Creek into the Schuylkill River and contains most of the Green Lane Reservoir.

The township's villages include Chapel (also in Berks County), Fruitville, Geryville (also in Bucks County and pronounced with a hard "g"), Palm, and Perkiomen Heights.

The following three boroughs form a cluster along Route 29 surrounded by Upper Hanover and are listed in north-to-south order: The township has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa) and is in hardiness zone 7a.

[1] As of the 2010 census, the township was 94.7% White, 1.5% Black or African American, 0.1% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.5% were Some Other Race, and 0.7% were two or more races.

14.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

Upper Hanover is a second-class township with five supervisors elected at-large.