Urban growth boundary
Opposition to unregulated urban growth and ribbon development began to grow towards the end of the 19th century in England.
The first statewide urban growth boundary policy was implemented in Oregon, under then governor Tom McCall, as part of the state's land-use planning program in the early 1970s.
Tom McCall and his allies convinced the Oregon Legislature in 1973 to adopt the nation's first set of statewide land use planning laws.
Tennessee in the year prior to the TGPA's passing was ranked 4th in the United States for fastest rates of land development.
[4] Albania maintains the 'yellow line' system hailing from its socialist regime — limiting urban development beyond a designated boundary for all municipalities.
In Canada, Vancouver, Toronto, Ottawa (the "Greenbelt"), London,[5] and Waterloo, Ontario have boundaries to restrict growth and preserve greenspace.
Such boundaries are notably absent from cities such as Calgary, Edmonton, and Winnipeg that lie on flat plains and have expanded outwardly on former agricultural land.
In 2017, Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping delivered a speech in the 19th National Congress, in which he mentioned the delineation of "boundaries for urban development" (城镇开发边界).
Effect is given to that strategy through a series of layers of control including the Local Government Amendment (Auckland) Act, the Regional Policy Statement and then via District Plans.
Containment of built-up development is defined through a General Zoning Plan in the case of both urban and rural municipalities.
[7] An integrated development plan is required in terms of Chapter 5 of the national Municipal Systems Act No 32 of 2000 for all local authorities in South Africa.
[15] Every county in the state (except those with consolidated city-county governments) has to set a "planned growth area" for each of its municipalities, which defines how far out services such as water and sewer will go.
In Miami-Dade, it is referred to as the Urban Development Boundary (UDB), and is generally to protect from continued sprawl into and drainage of the Everglades.
Urban growth boundaries have come under an increasing amount of scrutiny in the past 10 years as housing prices have substantially risen, especially on the West Coast of the U.S.[19] By limiting the supply of developable land, critics argue, UGBs increase the price of existing developable and already-developed land.
In Portland, Oregon, for example, the housing boom of the previous four years drove the growth-management authority to substantially increase the UGB in 2004.
