"[1] A ureterovaginal fistula is a result of trauma, infection, pelvic surgery, radiation treatment and therapy, malignancy, or inflammatory bowel disease.

Symptoms can be troubling for women especially since some clinicians delay treatment until inflammation is reduced and stronger tissue has formed.

[1] Birth injuries that result in the formation of fistulas and urinary and fecal incontinence have been found to be strongly associated with economic and cultural factors.

[4] Teenagers and women who sustain injuries that develop into ureterovaginal fistulas during childbirth suffer significant social stigma.

[5] Ureterovaginal fistulas related to prolonged, obstructed labor are rare in developed nations but are more common in countries where access to emergent obstetrical care is limited.