Among these individuals, Hisham Ibn Salem and His Pupils had eminent roles in development of principles among Shia.
[2] they wrote important books in the field of principles of jurisprudence such as "Kitab Al Akhbar" and " Kayfa Taseh" or "How it is correct?"
On the other hand, the relatives of Nobakhti begun a new movement in the sphere of theology and kalam among Shia and Imamiyyah.
During the fourth century of Hijrah, already one trend is very dominant which is indeed on the basis of refusing of Qiyas and R'ay in jurisprudence.
[5] Ibn Jonayd Eskafi was one of the first and eminent Shia jurists during the fourth century lunar hijrah.
He believed that there is a theological basis for interpretation of Hadith on which the Juridical tradition of Imams is not according to Saying but to Ray or opinion.
[10] Commonly known as the leader of the Shia,[11][12][13] Al-Mufid is regarded as the most famous scholar of the Buyid period and an eminent jurist,[14][11] mainly due to his contributions in the field of kalam.
He called as Alam al Hoda according to a popular narration said by Shahid Avval in The book of Arbaeen as follow: the vizir of Abbasid dynasty namely Muhammad ibn Hosein became sick.
He saw in his dreams Imam Ali while address him: tell alam Al Hoda till demand Health for you.
Also in Kalam proof of the existence of God, he defends from the atomist' stance in versus of Aristotelian notion of substantial change.
[18] He was born according to praying of twelfth imam of shia namely Mahdi[19] He learned significant level of Islamic sciences of that period in Tus[20] in Khorasan.
[23] Shaykh Tusi believed in principles of jurisprudence as a fundamental knowledge in acquiring the judgments of Islam religion.
[26] Shaykh Tusi, like his Masters, refuted the legal analogy(Qiyyas Fiqhi) in his manual of usul Fiqh.
[29] Al-Hilli also known as the sage of Hilla,[30] was born in the still existent town of Al Hillah (in what is now Iraq), commonly viewed as the centre of Shia Islam when Sunni leaders were in control over Baghdad during his life.
His father, Sadid ul-Din al-Hilli, was a respected mujtahid and a leading figure in the Shia community.
He also wrote a summarized legal manual, Qawa'id ul-Ahkam, which was popular amongst later scholars, judging by the number of commentaries that would be written on it.
[32] Muhaqqiq was born in the city of al-Hilla, Iraq, where he would spend most of his life, to a family of prominent Shi'i jurists.
Although he is neither the first Muslim, nor the first Shi'te to die for his religion, he became known as "Shahid Awwal" because he was probably the first Shia scholar of such stature to have been killed in a brutal manner.When Mohammad bin Makki was 16 years old he went to study at al-Hilla in Iraq.
This school "crystalized" as a distinct movement with the writings of Muhammad Amin al-Astarabadi (d. 1627 AD) and achieved its greatest influence in the late Safavid and early post-Safavid era.
Javadi Amoli wrote about source of revelation in Shiism: In doubtful cases the law is often derived not from substantive principles induced from existing rules, but from procedural presumptions (usul 'amaliyyah) concerning factual probability.
[36] The analysis of probability forms a large part of the Shiite science of usul al-fiqh, and was developed by Muhammad Baqir Behbahani (1706-1792) and Shaykh Murtada al-Ansari (died 1864).
The only primary text on Shi'ite principles of jurisprudence in English is Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr's Durus fi 'Ilm al-'Usul.
[1] This book is written by Alireza Hodaee, Professor of Jurisprudence and the Essentials of Islamic Law, University of Tehran.
[2] Most of the complicated arguments of such profound science cannot be presented in an introductory work; they should be pursued in detailed books written by great Shiite Uşūlīs.