[6] Symptoms of endometrial cancer include changes in vaginal bleeding or pain in the pelvis.

[1] Symptoms of uterine sarcoma include unusual vaginal bleeding or a mass in the vagina.

[2] Risk factors for endometrial cancer include obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, taking pills that contain estrogen without progesterone, a history of tamoxifen use, late menopause, and a family history of the condition.

[7][1] Risk factors for uterine sarcoma include prior radiation therapy to the pelvis.

[1] A diagnosis of uterine sarcoma may be suspected based on symptoms, a pelvic exam, and medical imaging.

[2] Endometrial cancer can often be cured while uterine sarcoma typically is harder to treat.

It is not known with certainty what the causes for uterine cancer may be, though hormone imbalance is cited as a risk factor.

[7][1][11] Risk factors for uterine sarcoma include prior radiation therapy to the pelvis, a history of tamoxifen use, a history of childhood retinoblastoma, and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome.

A “pap smear” may also be done to brush the sides of the cervix to collect cells for testing and to look at under a microscope.

[14] Screening for uterine cancers is not recommended except for in women with certain hereditary conditions that increase their risk (Lynch, Cowden, HLRCC).

The most common treatment modality for endometrial cancer is surgery, whereby the uterus is removed via a total hysterectomy.

[23] Uterine cancer has a high prevalence in the United States, with approximately 772,247 women with the disease in 2016.

[8] As current diagnostic methods are invasive and inaccurate, researchers are looking into new ways to catch womb cancer, especially in its early stages.