Attempted negotiations between King Charles I and the Parliamentary Army during the English Civil War took place at a public house where the Crown and Treaty.

[9] The Parliamentary Army garrisoned the town upon the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642 and established their headquarters there in June 1647 on a line from Staines to Watford,[10] although the king passed through Uxbridge in April 1646, resting at the Red Lion public house for several hours.

[11] Charles I met with representatives of Parliament at the Crown Inn in Uxbridge in 1645, but negotiations for the end of hostilities were unsuccessful due in part to the king's stubborn attitude.

[13] In the early 19th century, Uxbridge had an unsavoury reputation; the jurist William Arabin said of its residents "They will steal the very teeth out of your mouth as you walk through the streets.

By 1800 Uxbridge had become one of the most important market towns in Middlesex, helped by its status as the first stopping point for stagecoaches travelling from London to Oxford.

[17] The main enclosures effected in the parish of Hillingdon, by statute in 1819, saw the reduction of Uxbridge Common, which at its largest had been 4 miles (6.4 km) in circumference.

[20] In the early 1900s the Uxbridge and District Electricity Supply Company had been established a power station in Waterloo Road, and much of the town was connected by 1902, although some houses still had gas lighting in 1912.

[21] Wood panelling from a room in the Crown & Treaty public house was sold in 1924 to an American businessman, who installed it in his office in the Empire State Building in New York.

[22] On 31 August 1935 Uxbridge Lido, an outdoor swimming pool built in the "Moderne" or Art Deco style, was officially opened.

[35] The Market Square shopping precinct in the town centre was built in the late 1970s, but its lack of shelter made it unpopular and it did not attract the expected levels of custom.

[32] The Peacock public house (later renamed The Chequers) in one of the two main squares was built partially underground having two flights of steps down into the pub at either end.

[37] Rayner's pharmacy shop was also demolished during the Market Square development, although the shopfront was saved by the Museum of London and is held in storage.

[41] The offices of the local building company Fassnidge were also included in the new development; built in the 19th century, they house a Pizza Express restaurant.

[42] In 2002 the dry ski slope near Park Road and the Uxbridge Lido was closed and the remaining buildings and structures removed.

[43] Work began in 2008 to extensively refurbish and extend Uxbridge Lido, and it reopened to the public in February 2010 as the Hillingdon Sports and Leisure Complex.

Uxbridge was in the first main wave of the new, secular system of civil parishes, gaining a council and territory in 1866,[47] and an Urban District under the Local Government Act 1894.

An archaeological excavation by the Museum of London in the 1990s found evidence of flint items shaped by Mesolithic hunters, as well as various animal bones and traces of charcoal from the remains of campfires.

Located in Windsor Street, it is known to have existed since at least 1245, when a series of hearings took place there in which the Abbot of Bec in Normandy brought an action against the rector of Great Wratting in Suffolk for non-payment of tithes.

Richard Croft (served 1856–69) gained permission to build a new local church for a newer part of the town traditionally called Hillingdon West.

He asked architect Sir George Gilbert Scott "to draw up plans to build a church without unnecessary ornament but in handsome proportions suitable to its position at the entrance to Uxbridge Town..."[citation needed] Scott produced his plans and local Uxbridge builder William Fassnidge was employed to construct the church.

On St Peter's Day, 29 June 1864, the foundation stone was laid at the south end of the chancel arch by the Lord Bishop of London, Archibald Campbell Tait.

This was led by Father Thomas Moloney, who bought the current presbytery and acquired the land that stood at the back so that a church could be built.

[61] The Redeemed Christian Church of God is based at 2 Harefield Road, worship is in the Kate Fasnidge Hall, it is contemporary and Pentecostal.

The town centre consists of retail outlets and office buildings, including the main UK and European offices of international companies such as Coca-Cola European Partners,[64] Cadbury,[65][66] Xerox, General Mills,[67] F. Hinds, PAREXEL,[68] Arri, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Monster Energy, APL, Herbalife Europe.

Uxbridge Belmont Road was the first underground station, built slightly outside the town centre to allow for a possible extension to High Wycombe.

[85] Uxbridge High Street station opened on 1 May 1907 but had low passenger numbers and closed on 1 September 1939 as a war economy and never reopened.

[92][93] The proposed West London Tram was postponed indefinitely by TfL in August 2007 after it was announced that the Crossrail project would be going ahead.

Part of the original Middlesex County Council office building that stood on site was incorporated into the new Civic Centre.

The station was built within the grounds of Hillingdon House, a 19th-century mansion bought by the British government in 1915,[97] and became the home of RAF Fighter Command's No.

Fighter squadrons at airfields in the south-east of England were directed from the station, which was visited by Prime Minister Winston Churchill during the battle, and other foreign leaders throughout the rest of the war.