Víctor Hugo Cárdenas Conde (born 4 June 1951) is a Bolivian indigenous Aymara[1] activist and politician.

[2] Cárdenas was born in 1951[3] in the Aymara village of Achica Bajo on the shores of Lake Titicaca, the son of a rural school teacher.

When he was still a child, his father changed his name from Choquehuanca to Cárdenas, in order to mask his indigenous origin and remove what at the time was an obstacle to his educational and professional advancement.

His wife has never renounced the typical dress of the chola, an urbanized woman who retains her indigenous identity.

Cárdenas was an unsuccessful candidate in the 2009 Bolivian presidential election, losing to Evo Morales.