In normal pregnancy, the resident vaginal flora is thought to provide protection against infection.
[2] Vaginal discharge is common during pregnancy but is not an indicator of bacterial vaginosis or abnormal microbiota.
[4] During pregnancy, the vaginal microbiome can contribute and play an important role in spontaneous and preterm labor.
The transmission of the flora from mother to children occurs via the vagina, breast milk, and the maternal gut.
After the mother has given birth to her child, the Lactobacillus-rich microbiome drops significantly, and it becomes more diverse during the postpartum period.
Chorioamnionitis is due to the presence of bacteria such as Ureaplasma parvum and Mycoplasma species this generates the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, IL-8 which causes cervical ripening and can result in premature birth.
Women who belong to Asian, White, and Caucasian race have be observed to have more anaerobic flora.
Black females are seen to have single-species dominant cluster, while Caucasian women have multiple species of Lactobacillus present in their microbiome.
AVF has also been associated with issues such as premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, ascending intrauterine infections, and other adverse outcomes of pregnancy.