Valery Andreyevich Chaplygin (Russian: Валерий Андреевич Чаплыгин; born 23 May 1952) is a Soviet cyclist.

He was part of the Soviet team that won the 100 km team time trial at the 1976 Summer Olympics and 1977 UCI Road World Championships and finished second at the world championships in 1974 and 1975.

[1] He also won three Peace Races in the team competition (1975, 1977 and 1980).

[2] After retirement in 1982 he worked as a cycling coach, and between 1982 and 1985 trained the national team.

Starting from 2005 he competed in cycling in the masters category and taught at the Kursk Technical University.