In 1983, Limarenko took up the post of a design engineer at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF) in Arzamas-16.

In 1999, he defended his thesis for the degree of candidate of economic sciences on the topic "Management of the Process of Mortgage Lending in the Municipality", at the Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.

[1] He also served as the head of the department of New Financial Technologies at the Sarov State Physics Technical Institute.

Limarenko served as the vice president of the International Association of Housing and Mortgage Funds (IAIF).

[5] During his time in Rosatom, Limarenko oversaw the providing of assistance to Japan during the Fukushima nuclear disaster in the aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

[14] On 14 January 2021, in his Telegram account, Limarenko announced his intention to issue special badges to citizens vaccinated against COVID-19 in the region, allowing them not to wear masks.

On 19 January it became known that instead of a badge for those vaccinated against COVID-19, an electronic certificate will be introduced in the form of a QR code in the phone.

[15][16][17] On 8 September 2021, under his governorship, Sakhalin Oblast signed a memorandum with Japan's Mitsubishi Corporation to cooperate on decarbonisation through setting up large-scale production of hydrogen for exports, and also through carbon capture and storage technologies.

With the support of the federal center, the authorities continued to resettle dilapidated houses that had been listed to the program in subsequent years.

[19][20][21] Media reports also stated that Limarenko's lobbying has helped speed up the region's gasification with Gazprom.

In August 2022, regional authorities began the construction of a new runway and passenger terminal at Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk International Airport.

[19][20][23] As noted by political scientist Yevgeny Minchenko, Limarenko is one of the most digitally advanced governors in the Far Eastern Federal District.

These measures resulted in innovations in health care: end-to-end databases have been implemented, and a call center has been organized.

The innovations have provided efficient routing of patients and reduced their stress linked to the shortage of medical specialists.

[21] In the summer of 2020, Limarenko launched another program to pay islanders for information on the coordinates of illegal garbage dumpsites.

As a result, ten first-aid and obstetric stations received equipment for medical examinations and remote data transmission.

As of 2022, work is being carried out to reconstruct heating, water supply, and sewage networks and to switch to energy-efficient technologies, which will significantly reduce atmospheric emissions.

[26] In February 2023, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury added Limarenko to the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List due to his involvement in the enforcement of the conscription of Russian citizens in response to the 2022 mobilization order during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

[27] Limarenko is married to Marina Anatolyevna, who graduated from the Tula State University with a degree in Robotics and worked as a designer.