It has narrow, linear leaves that range in colour from a pale-green to reddish up to 3 feet (1 m) long and up to 0.75 inches broad.

V. spiralis is monoecious with male flowers carried on long spiral stalks that break away from the plant and float on the water's surface.

After the female flowers have been pollinated, the pedicel curls up like a tendril, drawing the young fruit closer to the bed of the stream or pond; thus the name "spiralis".

[citation needed] The species is an effective invader due to its efficient dispersal, vegetative reproduction, high biomass production, and popularity in the aquarium trade.

[5] It is listed on the National Pest Plant Accord prohibiting it from sale and commercial propagation and distribution.