Valsalva retinopathy is a form of sub-retinal, sub-hyaloid or sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage occur due to rupture of retinal vessels caused by a strenuous physical activity.
[1] Physical exertion like weight lifting and aerobic exercise, coughing, sneezing, straining at stool, vomiting, sexual intercourse, pregnancy,[2] asthma,[3] blowing up balloons, blowing musical instruments, cardiopulmonary resuscitation or compression injuries may cause sudden increase in intrathoracic or intra-abdominal pressure may lead to rupture of superficial retinal blood vessels.
[6] Sudden-onset floaters and central or paracentral visual field defects and nausea resulting from increased intraocular pressure are other symptoms.
[6] Depending on the location and extent of the bleeding, valsalva retinopathy usually resolves within weeks to months, without any complications.
[4] Patients are instructed to avoid anticoagulant drugs and physical activities which cause increase in intrathoracic or intra-abdominal pressure.