Lomnica is thought to stem from Slav word Lom - (rock) quarry, the name Veľká (great) has been added in later records to differentiate it from two other settlements with the same name.

Archeological finds of fortified settlement of Baden culture in the locality Burchbrich are dated to the end of stone and beginning of Bronze Age, more than 4000 years ago.

Before the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia in 1918, Veľká Lomnica was part of Szepes County within the Kingdom of Hungary.

On 28 January 1945, the Red Army dislodged the Wehrmacht from Veľká Lomnica in the course of the Western Carpathian offensive and it was once again part of Czechoslovakia.

In the upheavals of 1945 the Germans were expelled and now the population is formed by Slovak settlers mainly from Pohorela and region of Gorals and also by Roma ethnic group.