Veenai Dhanammal

"Regarding the veenai as an instrument complete and perfect in itself, she played it without plectrum, and often accompanied by her own singing.

Her personal style, known as the ''Veenai Dhanammal bani'', is regarded as a yardstick in terms of adherence to traditional values and profoundity of music expression.

These compositions, mainly javali and padam, have been preserved, taught, and published by her grandchildren, T. Brinda, T. Muktha, T. Sankaran, dancer T. Balasaraswati, and flute player T.

Three of her grandchildren (Brinda, Balasaraswathi, Vishwanathan) were awarded Sangeetha Kalanidhi title.

Dhanammal's fame had spread far and wide, and even Abdul Karim Khan, doyen of Kirana Gharana in Hindusthani Music, learnt Carnatic songs from her and released discs of these.

Veenai Dhanammal (left) with her daughter T. Lakshmirathnam and grandson, circa 1910–15.