This uncrewed orbiter was to map the surface of Venus using high resolution imaging systems.

Together with Venera 16, the spacecraft imaged the area from the north pole down to about 30°N latitude (approximately 25% of Venus surface) over the eight months of mapping operations.

During imaging, the radio altimeter would be lined up with the center of the planet (local vertical) and the SAR would be looking off to the side at 10 degrees.

A bulge at the opposite end of the cylinder held fuel tanks and propulsion units.

This radar system replaced the normal landers that previous Venera probes brought to Venus.