Vera Kharuzhaya (Belarusian: Вера Харужая, Russian: Ве́ра Заха́ровна Хору́жая, Polish: Wiera Charuża, 27 September 1903 – November 1942) was a Belarusian Communist writer, school teacher and activist from the Soviet Union deployed to Poland for sabotage and espionage operation during the interbellum.

Vera Kharuzhaya was born into the family of an administrative worker in Babruysk, Russian Empire, before the Revolution of 1905.

The town was handed over to the Bolsheviks in the Riga Peace Treaty and became part of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Kharuzhaya found employment in the public schools teaching, and served as Political commissar of local Komsomol branches in the areas of Mazyr and Babruysk (now eastern Belarus).

After graduating from the senior communist party school in the Soviet Union, in February 1924 she was secretly deployed across the border to the Second Polish Republic.