Dr Victor Brailovsky (Hebrew: ויקטור בריילובסקי, born 27 December 1935) is an Israeli computer scientist, mathematician, aliyah activist and former politician.

In 1987 he was allowed to emigrate to Israel with his family, where he worked as a professor of mathematics and computer science in Tel-Aviv University.

In the 1999 elections he was voted into the Knesset on Shinui's list, and became a member of the Science and Technology and Immigration, Absorption, and Diaspora Affairs committees.

Following the 2003 elections, in which Brailovsky retained his seat, Shinui joined Ariel Sharon's government.

On 29 November 2004 he became Minister of Science and Technology, replacing fellow Shinui member Ilan Shalgi.