[1] He graduated from the Blagoveshchenskoe Tank Command Red Banner School in Gorky Oblast and the Ministry of the Interior Academy of the Republic of Belarus in Minsk.

He served in the Soviet Airborne Troops, and participated in the Soviet–Afghan War, eventually attaining the rank of Major General.

[2] In January 2009, the Press Secretary of the Security Council of Belarus stated that Viktor Sheiman was appointed Assistant to the President for Special Commissions.

[3] Later, Sheiman was again made subject of an EU travel ban and asset freeze, following the crackdown of opposition protests after the 2010 presidential election in Belarus.

In its decision, the EU Council accused Sheiman of being "responsible for the unresolved disappearances of Yuri Zakharenko, Viktor Gonchar, Anatoly Krasovski and Dmitri Zavadski in Belarus in 1999–2000.

[5][6] According to the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project, Viktor Sheiman and Aleksandr Zingman visited Zimbabwe together.

[1] Political scientist Vytis Jurkonis characterized the offshore scheme with a company of Zingman and Sheiman's son as an example of nepotism and conflict of interest.

The United States extended the sanctions until June 2019, believing that Viktor Sheiman became a barrier to democratic processes in Belarus.