Vilcashuamán or Vilcasguaman (from Quechua Willka Waman, "sacred hawk") is the capital of Vilcas Huamán Province, Ayacucho region, Peru.

According to the Chronicler Pedro Cieza de León, Vilcashuamán was home to 40,000 people.

[1]: 235  The city was located around a large plaza where ceremonies involving sacrifices were performed, usually camelids or libation of corn wine.

Around this plaza were the city's two most important buildings: the Sun Temple (Templo del Sol) and the Ushnu which remain to this day.

The Ushnu is a truncated pyramid which is accessed through a double doorjamb, characteristic of the most important compounds.