The moment of the foundation of the present town centre of Villamelendro, around the 9th century, was preceded by three circumstances that determined its location: On the one hand, the northern repopulators of the late Middle Ages found the ruins of a series of buildings of Roman origin in the vicinity of the hill where the Church of Our Lady currently stands.

From Congosto, passing through La Puebla, Buenavista, the depopulated area of Santa María de Villaverde, Polvorosa, Renedo, Arenillas de San Pelayo, always on the left bank until it reaches Villaeles where it would cross the river and continue on its right bank along the river terraces that are not flooded, entering Villamelendro by the Villabasta road.

It is the establishment of buildings along this road that gives an elongated shape to the town centre, articulating around the Calle Mayor, which is the name taken by the camino real de la Valdavia as it passes through Villamelendro.

Depending on the position of the Church, the village fountain and the area where the Roman vicus was presumably located, we can deduce a first phase in which the oldest part of the urban centre would be the one in the far north.

The first written mention of this town under the name of "Uilla Melendi", along with other neighbouring villages, takes place in 1175 in a manuscript volume belongs to the monastery of Santa María de Retuerta,[9] where signs Domingo Iohannes, perhaps the parish priest of the village, as a witness to a donation of Fortun Moñoz of their inheritances in Cardeñosa, outright next to Villasila, for the benefit of the Arenillas de San Pelayo monastery, where it could have been written the same and which was subsidiary of Retuerta.

January 12, 1180, King Alfonso VIII gives jurisdiction both Villamelendro and Villasila in Carrión de los Condes, following the request made by the clergy[10] of both villages.

[12] This donation is reiterated a month later, on November 24 in Toledo, where Alfonso VIII gives in addition to the order, half of the portazgo Alarcón and Valera of Roa, the villas of Villasila and Villamelendro but in this case, in Exchange for the castle of Alarcon the fifth part of the income of this village and the village of Las Gascas,[13] convirtiendo ambas aldeas en villas de abadengo.

From this moment the future of both villas is marked by the activity of the hospitals of Las Tiendas and Villamartin (founded the latter for Tello Pérez de Meneses as well as of the San Nicolas del Real Camino), producing several annotations related to contributions earmarked for the maintenance of these sites,[14] or even place names of Villamelendro as "Matafrades" or ("forest of the frates or brothers)," "Las Monjas" payment in Villasila, which may allude to the santiaguistas nuns of Santa Eufemia, or the moor of stores.

It donates to María Gutiérrez, the Commander of Santa Eufemia,[18] charged with Villasirga, Villamartin, Villamelendro, the place of Vega Santillan and Legones (Saldaña outright) for the maintenance of the same.

Among them are those relating to the Hospital de las Tiendas and Villamartin, making reference to the need to pay for boxes of half a silver mark for the Blessed Sacrament, destined for Villasila and Villamelendro (one for each parish), as well as to find out if the rights that the Order may have had over an old well, lands and houses are still in force.

[citation needed] On 4 June 1537, Charles V himself, as perpetual administrator of the Order of Santiago, through his advisor Antonio de Luján resolves the petition of Antonio de Valderrábano in favour of the administrator of the hospital of Las Tiendas and Villasirga (formerly Villamartin), by which he requests a letter ratifying the privilege granted by Alfonso VIII first, which was confirmed by Alfonso X later.

[24] In 1771, Manuel Jacinto de Bringas, intendant of the province of Toro, created a dossier of remission [25] for the Count of Aranda detailing the state of the congregations, confraternities and brotherhoods that exist in the towns of this jurisdiction.

[citation needed] In 1789, Villasila and Villamelendro appear as villas realengas with an ordinary mayor in the province of Toro, judicial district of Carrión and the Valdavia Valley.

It borders to the north with Villaeles, to the east with Sotobañado and Calahorra, to the south with Arenillas de Nuño Pérez and Villanuño and to the west with Villota del Duque.

[30] In 1845, Pascual Madoz detailed in greater detail, in his Diccionario geográfico-estadístico-histórico de España y sus posesiones de Ultramar (Geographical-statistical-historical dictionary of Spain and its overseas possessions), the following: «VILLASILA and VILLAMELENDRO two districts that form a town with a town council in the province of Palencia (11 leagues), judicial district of Saldaña (2 1/2) territorial audience and general corregimiento of Valladolid 19 diocese of León (15).

Both have a fountain for the consumption of the neighbourhood; 2 parish churches (San Pelayo in Villasila and La Asunción in Villamelendro), both of which have an entrance and provision in patrimonial property.