Villefranche-de-Rouergue (French: [vilfʁɑ̃ʃ də ʁwɛʁɡ] ⓘ; Occitan: Vilafranca de Roergue [ˌbilɔˈfɾaŋkɔ ðe ˈrweɾɣe]) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

At the end of the Albigensian Crusade from the northern "barons" against the southern Occitania on a religious pretext (fighting the Cathar heresy), the count of Toulouse was defeated and concluded the Treaty of Paris in 1229.

Led by Ferid Džanić, Eduard Matutinović, Božo Jelinek and Nikola Vukelić, one battalion staged a rebellion against the Nazis on 17 September 1943, (Villefranche-de-Rouergue uprising) but were soon suppressed and mostly executed on site.

[3] A Carthusian monastery overlooking the town from the left bank of the Aveyron derives much interest from the completeness and fine preservation of its buildings, which date from the 15th century.

They include a chapel, a vestibule, a chapter house, a refectory, an exhibition room and two cloisters, the smaller of which is a masterpiece of the late Gothic style.