Matrix number

A matrix number is an alphanumeric code (and on occasion, other symbols) stamped or handwritten (or a combination of the two) into the run-out groove area of a phonograph record.

Recuts can also be made when there is a problem with the previous cut, for example, a technical fault or improper banding (the visual separation between songs).

Take numbers on Victor Records can usually be found to the left at the label, i.e. the "9 o'clock" position.

Compact discs (CDs) also contain factory codes inscribed near the hub, and these are also called matrix numbers.

Matrix numbers are often quoted as evidence that a record is a "first pressing", although this term is not used in a consistent manner by collectors.

Or they may refer to a record as a "second pressing" if the cut number changes, but the label, cover, and musical content are otherwise identical.

Even so, collectible records are often questionably identified as "first pressing" based solely on the matrix number marked as cut #1.

Some recuts with altered content have a suffix of "-RE" at the end of the inscribed matrix number, but this does not necessarily mean that the non-"RE" edition was issued to the public.

Factory codes used by major American labels such as Capitol, Warner Bros., RCA and Mercury have been documented by researchers.

Record collectors have often been amused to find hidden messages inscribed in the run-out area.

While some of his cuts state only his nickname or motto, others contain a clever or cryptic reference to something mentioned in the lyrics, or something about the recording artist.

U2's Rattle and Hum (1988) features a secret message to the band's production manager, Anne Louise Kelly, reading "We Love You A.L.K.

", but this was the first of several hidden messages referring to her in U2 albums, followed by her name being scrambled to make the name Kiley Sue LaLonne in the booklet of Original Soundtracks 1 (1995) and then on most CD copies of Pop (1997), a message on the playing side of the CD near the matrix numbers reads "4UALKXXXX".

Similarly, most US CD copies of Pills 'n' Thrills and Bellyaches (1990) by Happy Mondays feature the phrase "CALL THE COPS" inscribed in the matrix.