Known as Dahlgren Road, the state highway runs 11.04 miles (17.77 km) from SR 3 at Arnolds Corner east to SR 604 at the entrance to the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division in Dahlgren in eastern King George County.

After passing through Weedonville, SR 206 leaves the short ridge and crosses Pepper Mill Creek to reach Berthaville, where the highway intersects SR 218 (Caledon Road).

The two highways run concurrently east to Owens, where SR 218 turns south as Windsor Drive.

SR 206 has an oblique intersection with U.S. Route 301 (James Madison Parkway) then crosses Williams Creek into Dahlgren.

After passing through the center of the village, the state highway reaches its eastern terminus at its intersection with SR 604 (Twelfth Street).