He made 30 appearances for the club and scored two goals, these performances also earned him a call up and debut to the Czech national team.

[6][5] Coufal was with Slovan Liberec for six seasons, making more than 150 appearances across all competitions, and playing in the team which won the Czech Cup in 2015.

On 1 July 2018, Coufal joined Slavia Prague on a three-year contract, for a reported fee of 18 million Kč.

Upon his move to Slavia Prague, Coufal was reunited with manager Jindřich Trpišovský, who he had previously played under at Slovan Liberec.

[7] During the 2018–19 season, Coufal made 28 appearances for the Slavia Prague, scoring 3 goals and helping lead the team to the Czech First League title.

[9] On 2 October 2020, Coufal joined West Ham United for a fee of £5.4 million, signing a three-year deal, reuniting with fellow Czech and former Slavia Prague teammate Tomáš Souček,[8] following interest from fellow Premier League clubs Brighton & Hove Albion and Southampton.

[11] Coufal finished runner-up in West Ham's Hammer of the Year award for the 2020–21 season, behind compatriot Souček.

[18] On 19 November 2023, Coufal along with Jakub Brabec and Jan Kuchta had been kicked out of the Czech Republic training camp after they allegedly went out clubbing two days before the Euro 2024 qualifier match against Moldova.