Vlieland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈvlilɑnt] ⓘ; West Frisian: Flylân [ˈflilɔ̃ːn]) is a municipality and island in the northern Netherlands.

Vlieland was named after the Vlie, the seaway between it and Terschelling that was the estuary of the river IJssel in medieval times.

The occupying German forces built two anti-aircraft batteries and stationed more soldiers on the island than there were inhabitants.

In 1942 the islands of Vlieland and Terschelling were transferred from the province of North Holland to Friesland and the situation was not reversed after the war.

[8] The majority of the landscape of the island consists of sand dunes, but there are some wooded areas and small meadows.

A summer-only ferry service runs between De Cocksdorp on the neighboring island of Texel and the westernmost point of Vlieland.

Vlieland, being the outermost of the Frisian barrier islands, sees its climate the most moderated by the North- and Wadden Sea.

As is the case with the other West Frisian islands, sunshine hours are among the highest in the Netherlands.