The 6,378 hectares (24.63 sq mi) reserve contains fragile ecosystems very rich in wild flora and fauna species of cultural, scientific, economic and biological relevance.

[2] The reserve is a rich reservoir of endemic and other species of Central and South American origin which, in Mexico, are only to be found in this area.

[2] The Volcán Tacana Biosphere Reserve harbors a rich variety of endemic species of flora (Chusquea martinezi) and fauna (Cyllopsis spp.

Included among the biota of the volcano are a significant number of charismatic or protected species, such as the Canaco tree (Chiranthodendron derbianus) and the Ornate hawk-eagle (Spizaetus ornatos).

[2] According to the National Biodiversity Information System of Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) in Volcán Tacaná Biosphere Reserve there are over 2,455 plant and animal species from which 185 are in at risk category and 48 are exotics.