Volhynian Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo wołyńskie, Latin: Palatinatus Volhynensis, Ukrainian: Волинське воєводство, Volynske voievodstvo) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1566 until 1569 and of the Polish Crown within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from the 1569 Union of Lublin until the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.

A conflict between Poland and Lithuania began, complicated by the fact that in Ruthenian lands there were no well-defined boundaries of duchies and provinces.

In 1366, King Casimir the Great confirmed his rule over the upper Bug river, capturing Wlodzimierz Wolynski.

The conflict with Lithuania continued, as both sides wanted to control whole Volhynia, together with Luck [...] After the death of Svitrigaila, the vast Volhynian land became direct property of the Jagiellonian dynasty.

Its first voivode was Prince Aleksander Czartoryski [...] Upon the decision of the Sejm, Volhynia was part of the Province of Lesser Poland.