The 1980 Women's Olympic Volleyball Tournament[1] was the 5th edition of the event, organized by the world's governing body, the FIVB in conjunction with the IOC.

It was held in Moscow, Soviet Union from 21 to 29 July 1980.

* Notes:[2] The tournament was played in two different stages.

In the Preliminary round (first stage), the eight participants were divided into two pools of four teams.

The Final round (second stage) was played in a single elimination format, where the preliminary round two highest ranked teams in each group advanced to the semifinals and the two lowest ranked teams advanced to the 5th–8th place semifinals.