Voskhod (spacecraft)

[1] Both crew members wore spacesuits on the Voskhod 2 mission, as it involved an EVA and used an inflatable airlock.

It was needed because the vehicle's electrical and environmental systems were air-cooled, and complete capsule depressurization would lead to overheating.

In any case, the Blok E equipped R-7 booster lacked sufficient lift capacity for a backup retrorocket.

Since Voskhod was well below the maximum lift capacity of the larger Blok I equipped R-7, it would be put into a quite high orbit and not decay in ten days.

Voskhod utilized the 11A57 booster, essentially the Molniya 8K78L with the Blok L stage removed to create a medium-lift LEO launcher, and later the launch vehicle for the Soyuz program.

Although work had begun on an LES in 1962, it was not ready yet and so the engineers and cosmonauts had to gamble that the booster functioned properly during ascent, as by 1964, the R-7's success rate was improving but still not perfect.

This version flew twice, on 22 February 1965 uncrewed (as Kosmos 57) and on 18 March 1965 crewed as the Voskhod 2 spacecraft.