The duties of the Chief Electoral Commission encompass the organisation and conduct of elections to the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania, the President of the Republic of Lithuania, municipal councils, elections to the European Parliament and referendums.

On 10 December 1919, the first institution responsible for organising and conducting the elections to the Constituent Assembly was officially established - the Central Electoral Commission.

The first chairman of the Commission was Petras Leonas (1922-1933), a well-known lawyer, Minister of Justice in the 1st and 2nd Cabinets, later Minister of the Interior in the 4th Cabinet, and the following were appointed as members of the Commission: Judge Vladas Mačys, a priest and a signatory of the Act of February 16th, Kazimieras Šaulys, a Jewish minority representative, lawyer Leyb Gorfinkel, and a Polish minority representative, lawyer Aloyzas Bžozovskis.

[3] Following the restoration of Lithuania's independence, the fundamental principles of electoral organisation and conduct were reinstituted, albeit with notable modifications compared to the interwar era.

In the same year, the Supreme Council – Reconstituent Seimas, by Resolution,[4] established the Central Electoral Commission of the Republic of Lithuania for a second time.