[1] He was born on March 22, 1891, in Rohatyn, the then poviat town of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, in the family of Jan and Katarzyna née Szwed.

[3] In September 1917, after the Oath crisis, as an Austrian citizen, he was incorporated into the Austro-Hungarian Army and served in it until August 1918.

[4] After the end of the conflict, he was the head of the Training Department in the First Department of Primary Weapons of the Ministry of Military Affairs from September 19, 1920 - July 21, 1922, and the battalion commander in the 36th Infantry Regiment of the Academic Legion from July 21, 1922, to November 30, 1922.

[5] On December 1, 1924, the President of the Republic of Poland, Stanisław Wojciechowski, at the request of the Minister of Military Affairs, Major General Władysław Sikorski, promoted him to the rank of lieutenant-colonel with seniority on August 15, 1924, and 97th position in the corps of infantry officers.

[6] On March 3, 1926, he was transferred to the 3rd Division of the Polish General Staff to the position of the head of the "Cover" section.