Włodzimierz Tetmajer was born in Harklowa near Krakow in the town of Nowy Targ and died in Bronowice, now a district of Kraków.
Tetmajer studied painting at the Kraków School of Fine Arts (Szkoła Sztuk Pięknych w Krakowie) from 1875 to 1886, then in Vienna and Munich (1886–1889), in Paris at the Académie Colarossi, and with Jan Matejko from 1889 to 1893.
In 1890 he married Anna Mikołajczykówna, a peasant's daughter from Bronowice in the spirit of the Young Poland's return to the roots.
In 1900 he hosted a wedding of one of his friends, the poet Lucjan Rydel, to his wife's sister, Jadwiga Mikołajczykówna.
According to Dr. Józef Andrzej Nowobilski: Włodzimierz Tetmajer was a half-brother of poet, Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer.