[2] After the outbreak of the January Uprising, from April 1863 he became a deputy general and head of the armed forces of the Augustów and Grodno as a supporter of the Reds.

His skillful leadership of the rebels in the area entrusted to him made it possible to maintain an active partisan war against the Russian troops for much longer than in many other regions of the North-Western Territory covered by the uprising.

In Warsaw, the recently inaugurated dictator Romuald Traugutt appointed Wróblewski as commissar of the Lublin and Podlaskie and set him the task of reviving the insurgent movement that was fading there.

After receiving medical treatment, and disguised as a woman, Wróblewski in July 1864 managed to escape to Galicia, which was under the control of the Austrian Empire.

Wróblewski offered the Communards his services and was soon promoted to the rank of general and led one of the three revolutionary armies that defended the southern part of Paris.

During the semaine sanglante, he defended in vain the Butte-aux-Cailles and the district of the Bastille at the head of the 101st battalion trained workers of 13th and 5th arrondissements of Paris.

After these two failures and the death or injuries of many other senior officers of the Commune, he was offered the chief command of what remained of the army of the Communards.