[1] As the earliest written record, the diary of his uprising colleague Szymon Kotylla published in 1907, indicates that he was a student at the Medical Academy in Warsaw (1860–1861), he would have had access to funds for his interrupted studies and for travel to Italy for military training.

[2]'[3] As a convinced patriot he went to Cuneo in Italy to attend the Polish military cadet school (1861–62), commanded by Ludwik Mierosławski in preparation for a future uprising.

[4]On his return to Poland in 1862 the National Central Committee despatched him to the Augustów Governorate, under cover of being a journalist with the nom-de-guerre "Wincenty Kamiński", to help organize military units.

He was a Biebrza district commissar, local Plenipotentiary for the Rada Narodowa (National revolutionary council) and was responsible for the purchase of armaments.

[14] In 1868 having become members of the First Internationale and then of the central committee of the League of Peace and Freedom, after the schism in the aftermath of the Berne Convention, Mroczkowski and Bakunin formed a group to oppose the ideology of Karl Marx.

[15][16] Mroczkowski was also involved in drawing up plans for the refurbishment of the villa, La Baronata perched above Lake Maggiore, a retirement retreat built for Carlo Cafiero, who initially "gave" it to Bakunin, but on discovering that his fortune was leaching away, was able to get it back.

[17] In 1869 they left Switzerland and travelled as a couple to London and for about two years moved there in revolutionary circles that included people such as Karl Marx and Walery Wroblewski[18][19] Since Prince Obolensky had forcibly abducted his children from his wife, Zoë, in 1869, her income dropped considerably.