Tacitus spelled the name as Varini, Pliny the Elder as Varinnae, Ptolemy as Viruni (Ούίρουνοι), Procopius as Varioi (Οὐάρνων).
Surviving versions of a third source, the second century Geography by Ptolemy, included the Viruni (Greek Ούίρουνοι) in their description of eastern Germania, but these are difficult to interpret and have apparently become corrupted.
The maiden, who is not named in the story, did not accept this, and crossed the North Sea with an army of 400 ships and 100,000 men, seeking retaliation.
After a battle won by the Anglians, Radigis was caught hiding in a wood not far from the mouth of the Rhine and had no other choice than to marry his fiancée.
After these Warni they passed through the land of the Danes, and then crossed the sea from there to Scandinavia, where they found them living with the Geats (Gautoi).
[12] Modern scholars claim that the area north of the Rhine may have been under Frankish control during the greater parts of the 6th and 7th centuries, at least since the defeat of the Danish sea-king Hygelac in 526.
[13] According to the chronicle of Fredegar the Varni or Warni rebelled against the Merovingian Franks in 594 and were bloodily defeated by Childebert II in 595 (the year he died) "so that few of them survived".
Recent research suggests that they were part of a Thuringian federation, which dominated Northern Germany from Attila's death in 453 to the middle of the 6th century when they were crushed by the Franks.