The settled part of the township occupies the space between the two mountains, known as Little Cove Valley, drained to the south by Little Cove Creek, a tributary of Licking Creek, which flows south across Maryland to the Potomac River.

Pennsylvania Route 456 runs the length of the township through the valley, leading north to Pennsylvania Route 16 in Peters Township, and continuing south in Maryland as unnumbered Hollow Road to Interstate 70 at the Potomac River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 30.6 square miles (79.3 km2), all land.

Of all of the households documented, 19.1% were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was sixty-five years of age or older.

Approximately 2.0% of families and 2.1% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 4.1% of those who were aged sixty-five or older.