Waste management in India

Waste management in India falls under the purview of the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).

[2][3] With changing consumption patterns and rapid economic growth, it is estimated that urban municipal solid waste generation will increase to 165 million tonnes in 2030.

The Waste Management and Handling Rules in India were introduced by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), yet, compliance is variable and limited.

[8] The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry (ASSOCHAM) stated rapid economic growth and changing consumer behaviour was likely to increase e-waste generation in India to 5.2 million tonnes per year by 2020.

Highlights include: By 2025, the waste management market size in India is projected to be worth ~USD 15 Billion, with annual growth around 7 percent.

Similarly, in India, an increase in the purchasing power parity has led to more affordability, accessibility to resource use and a rapid surge in the waste volumes as well.

Considering the current trend toward urbanization in India, the MSW quantum is expected to double the existing volumes within ten years.

[18] It is a representation of citizen-based activism at a local level, and the litigation was led by notable activists such as Almitra Patel and Nalini Shekar.

Following this High Court ruling, other cities in India have followed suit to make segregation of municipal waste mandatory at the generator level, Mumbai,[19] in typical.

Public-private partnerships (PPP) have been promoted by the Government of India for improving waste management services,[27][28] yet, have remained problematic.

[32] The specific issue encounters include a dire need of services are the primary reason behind opting for PPP mode;[30] the perception that PPP gives greater benefit to the public; third and interconnected: PPPs avoid financial stress on the public sector; and fourth, PPPs are thought to constrain transaction costs and give value for the money invested.

[30] They are often procured in an incompetent manner, and as opposed to the expectation, they have resulted in high transaction costs and ineffective projects.