The arsenal was established in 1816, on 40 acres (16 ha) of land, by the United States Army for the receipt, storage, and issuance of ordnance.

The arsenal's site, duties, and buildings grew gradually until the American Civil War, enlarging beyond the original quadrangle.

A number of major buildings were constructed, which over time began to reflect typical industrial facilities rather than the earlier arsenal styles.

[2] It was considered by the War Department as successful in saving money over the alternatives; but it was so hated by the work force that the Congress eventually overturned its use.

Building #311 was then reported to be one of the largest steel-frame structures in the United States, sized to accommodate both very large gun carriages and the equipment used to construct them.

World War II brought an additional 7 acres (28,000 m2) with existing industrial buildings, as the arsenal produced steel artillery pieces.