[1] The Langstroth patent did not call for foundation and let the bees build their own comb.

Detroit inventor Edward Weed invented rollers that can make wax foundation in a continuous roll.

[5] Wax or plastic foundation is inserted into a wooden frame through the top and is usually connected to the side bars with wire.

Recently there has been a large movement toward foundationless beekeeping by hobbyists for various reasons.

Also extant are wax foundations with embedded wire that only need to be inserted into the frame.