Towns surrounding Weil im Schönbuch are, starting from the north and moving clockwise, Schönaich, Waldenbuch, Dettenhausen, the Bebenhausen district of Tübingen, Altdorf, and Holzgerlingen.

In 1087 was the first recorded mention of the area when a Rudolf of Breitenstein was listed as a vassal of the Counts Palatinate of Tübingen.

By the end of the 13th century, Weil im Schönbuch, Breitenstein, and Neuweiler (mentioned for the first time in 1295) were almost completely within the territory of the Bebenhausen abbey.

The night of May 11, 1525, the Swabian League army, under its leader George, Truchsess of Waldburg, camped in the Seitenbach and Totenbach dales.

During the Reformation, the Bebenhausen abbey was dissolved in 1535 and Weil im Schönbuch acquired by Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg.

In the Thirty Years War, Imperial-Catholic troops pillaged the town after the battle of Nördlingen on September 8, 1634, and, in 1635, a further disaster occurred with an outbreak of the plague.

By 1850 Weil im Schönbuch contained 2453 Protestant and 21 Catholic inhabitants, who lived and worked in 287 main and 165 auxiliary buildings.

In the last days of the Second World War, Weil im Schönbuch was the scene of heavy fighting between German and French troops on April 21 and 22, 1945.

As a result of municipal reform in Baden-Württemberg, the villages of Neuweiler (July 1, 1971) and Breitenstein (April 1, 1972) were merged into Weil im Schönbuch.

The numbers of inhabitants come from census results (marked in red) or the official estimates of the bureau of statistics (main domiciles only).

Breitenstein and Neuweiler are considered Ortschaften (localities) under the Baden-Württemberg municipal code with their own village councils and mayors.

Three stops in Weil im Schönbuch connect the town through Böblingen to the Stuttgart regional rail network.

Weil im Schönbuch resident Astrid Ruckaberle was the women’s world champion in artistic cycling in 2000, 2001, and 2003.