In 1860, the western boundary of West Deer was moved eastward, the land being used to form Richland Township.

In 1861, part of the southwestern corner of West Deer was used to form Hampton Township.

West Deer also annexed land along its southern border from Indiana Township in this exchange.

[3] Historically, much of West Deer's economy has been based on farming and coal mining.

Many coal towns such as Curtisville, Bairdford, and Russellton were dominant forces in the industry.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 29.0 square miles (75.1 km2), all land.

[5] The township contains the following communities: Allegheny Acres, Bairdford, Benjamin, Blanchard, Culmerville, Curtisville, Fawn Haven, Magill Heights, Red Hot, and Russellton.