A sizable portion of West Penn is drained into the Lehigh River via the Mahoning and Lizard Creeks, which both originate in the township.

West Penn's closest access to the Pennsylvania Turnpike's Northeast Extension is the Mahoning Valley Interchange east of Lehighton with U.S. Route 209.

Its villages include Andreas (also in Carbon County), Clamtown, Dorset, Kepner (also in East Brunswick,) Leibeyville, Longacre, Mahoning Valley (also in Mahoning Township), Mantzville, Millers, Snyders, and South Tamaqua.

West Penn has a humid continental climate (Dfa/Dfb) and the hardiness zone is 6a.

Average monthly temperatures in Leibeyville range from 27.0 °F in January to 71.6 °F in July.