From its source west of Lafferty and south of Flushing, Wheeling Creek winds along the southern regions of Wheeling Township, through and near communities such as Oco, Bannock, Crabapple, Flushing and Blainesville.

Wheeling Creek has several tributary creeks that flow through the township, including Crabapple Creek, which begins just west of the township's boundary, Campbell Run, a tributary of Crabapple Creek, McCracken Run, meeting Wheeling Creek in Fairpoint, Love's Run, whose confluence is just east of Fairpoint and Cox Run, which flows into the creek in Blainesville.

Wheeling Township was known for its large production of wheat, which was processed by one of the many gristmills[5] that once existed, and shipped to New Orleans.

Statewide, the only other Wheeling Township is located in Guernsey County.

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following 1 January.