White monopoly capital

It suggests that a small number of white-owned businesses (in an oligopoly) dominate various sectors of the South African economy, thereby controlling significant resources and influencing economic policies to their advantage.

[2] Proponents of the concept argue that historical factors, such as apartheid policies that favored white individuals and businesses, have led to an enduring wealth inequality in South Africa.

Academic Christopher Malikane claims that the phrase ‘white monopoly capital’ has been used many times by South African politicians and dates back to the early 1950s during the liberation struggle.

[4] Critics of the term have claimed that it is not known who or what the phrase actually refers to[5] and its existence is disputed (by former South African finance minister Trevor Manual, former president Thabo Mbeki[6] and the Gauteng branch of the ANC).

[7][8] Proponents of the term such as Pieter Bosch Botha, the Economic Freedom Fighters[9] and Black First Land First argue that, despite Bell Pottinger's campaign, 'white monopoly capital' does exist in modern day South Africa.

[20] Pottinger's involvement with the Gupta Family was further highlighted in June 2017 when South African newspapers The Citizen and Sunday Times published several emails, allegedly between former South African President Jacob Zuma's son, Duduzane Zuma (and a close Gupta comrade) and Bell Pottinger, pointing to a ‘dirty’ public relations smear battle.

Nick Lambert, senior advisor at Bell Pottinger, was also said to have prepared "key moments" for a speech by ANC Youth League leader Collen Maine.