William Caswell (September 24, 1754 – January 6, 1785) was an American politician, lawyer, and planter.

Besides service on state court benches, he represented Dobbs County in the North Carolina House of Commons from 1779 to 1784.

William Caswell, the son of Richard and Mary (née Mackilwean) Caswell, was born September 24, 1754, in Johnston County (present-day Lenoir County), Province of North Carolina.

He received training by apprenticeship in law and served as the register of deeds for Dobbs County.

After the American Revolution, he resided at his plantation, "Red House," near Kinston, where he died on January 6, 1785.